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I. Chapter Summary

This chapter explores the evolution of the modern global world through a historical lens. It traces key phases of globalization — from pre-modern trade and migration, to colonialism, the impact of the two World Wars, and the emergence of global interconnectedness in the post-war world. Students learn how the movement of people, goods, ideas, and capital shaped economies, societies, and cultures across the world, including India’s role and impact in the global trade system.

II. Key Concepts Covered

Concept	Explanation
Pre-modern World	Early trade, cultural exchange, and migrations across regions like the Silk Route.
Global Economy (19th Century)	Industrial Revolution, colonization, movement of labor, and global trade expansion.
Indentured Labour Migration	System of bonded labor from India to various colonies under contracts, e.g., Caribbean plantations.
Impact of Colonialism	Exploitation of colonies for raw materials, destruction of local industries, new trade routes.
World Wars and the Economy	Disruption of global trade and economy during WWI & WWII.
Post-war Recovery	Formation of international institutions (e.g., IMF, World Bank), and rise of US dominance.
Globalization (Late 20th Century)	Liberalization, technological changes, global capital flows, and cultural exchanges.

III. Important Questions

(A) Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark)

1. Which among the following was known as the Silk Route?
   a) Sea route between Europe and America
   b) Inland route connecting Asia with Europe ✅ (PYQ 2020)
   c) Route between India and South Africa
   d) None of these
2. Who were referred to as ‘Indentured Labourers’?
   a) Slaves
   b) Factory workers
   c) Contracted laborers sent to colonies ✅ (PYQ 2019)
   d) Zamindars
3. Which disease spread from Europe to the Americas during colonization?
   a) Cholera
   b) Smallpox ✅
   c) Malaria
   d) Influenza
4. Which country emerged as the global economic power after the Second World War?
   a) Germany
   b) Japan
   c) United States of America ✅
   d) Soviet Union

(B) Short Answer Questions (2/3 Marks)

1. What was the impact of the Silk Route on trade and culture?
2. What do you understand by the term ‘indentured labour migration’? Explain with an example. (PYQ 2020)
3. Mention any three effects of the 19th-century global economy on Indian agriculture.
4. How did the First World War affect the global economy? (PYQ 2021)

(C) Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)

1. How did the global economy emerge in the 19th century, and what role did India play in it?
2. Discuss the social and cultural impacts of indentured labour migration from India.
3. Explain the major developments that took place in the global economy after the Second World War. (PYQ 2022)
4. How did the global interconnectedness shape the 20th century world? Give examples.

(D) HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)

1. Do you think globalization has only benefited powerful countries? Justify your answer with historical examples.
2. If India had not been colonized, how might its role in the global economy have been different?

IV. Key Formulas/Concepts

This chapter is narrative-based (history), so while there are no formulas, key definitions and examples include:

• Globalization: The integration of economies and societies through trade, migration, and information exchange.
• Indentured Labour: A system of bonded labor under contract, common in British colonies from the 1830s to the early 20th century.
• Silk Route: Ancient trade routes connecting China, India, Central Asia, and Europe.
• Tariff: A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports, used in post-war trade policies.

V. Deleted Portions (CBSE 2025–2026)

As per the rationalized NCERT syllabus, no portions have been deleted from this chapter.

VI. Chapter-Wise Marks Bifurcation (Estimated – CBSE 2025–2026)

Unit/Chapter	Estimated Marks	Type of Questions Typically Asked
Chapter 1: The Making of a Global World	4–6 Marks	1 Long Answer, 1 Short Answer, 1–2 MCQs

VII. Previous Year Questions (PYQs)

Year	Marks	Question
2022	5	What were the major developments in the global economy after the Second World War?
2021	3	What was the impact of WWI on the global economy?
2020	2	What do you understand by indentured labour migration?
2019	1	Who were referred to as indentured labourers?
2018	3	Describe the impact of 19th-century globalization on Indian peasants.

VIII. Real-World Application Examples

Concept	Modern Application
Global Trade	WTO policies and India’s role in international trade today.
Labour Migration	Current migrant labor trends from India to the Gulf and SE Asia.
Colonial Legacy	India’s economic challenges post-independence linked to colonial policies.
Pandemics and Trade	Historical spread of smallpox similar to COVID-19 affecting global economy.

IX. Student Tips & Strategies for Success

Time Management

• Allocate 15–20 mins daily to revise one key concept.
• Use a timeline to understand historical sequences.

Exam Preparation

• Use flowcharts to summarize trade, labor migration, and global phases.
• Practice PYQs and map work (if applicable).
• Use NCERT’s in-text questions for quick self-tests.

Stress Management

• Combine historical facts with storytelling for easier retention.
• Discuss world history in study groups or through visual media (docuseries, maps).
• Take 5-minute breaks after every 40 minutes of focused study.

X. Career Guidance & Exploration (Class-Specific)

For Classes 9–10

Academic Streams After Class 10

• Humanities (Arts): History, Political Science, Sociology
• Commerce: International Trade, Economics
• Science: Data Analysis of Global Trends, Environmental History

Career Paths

• Historian, Archivist, Diplomat, Economist, Researcher, International Relations Expert

Entrance Exams/Competitions

• NTSE, Historical Essay Competitions, Model United Nations (MUNs), Social Science Olympiads

XI. Important Notes

• Always follow the official NCERT and CBSE websites for updates and exam formats.
• Focus on interlinking concepts like trade, colonization, and modern economy.
• Use visual aids – timelines, trade routes, and mind maps.
• Practice integrated writing – include examples, causes, impacts, and real-world connections.